Virginia Apiculture Links
Virginia State Beekeepers Association
Richard Fell
Department of Entomology
Virginia Tech
324 Price Hall
Blacksburg, VA 24061
Phone: 540-231-7207
Email: rfell@vt.edu
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![American foulbrood (pupal tongue)](https://agdev.anr.udel.edu/maarec/wp-content/gallery/diseases-of-honey-bees/71.gif "If death occurs during the pupal stage, pupae undergo the same changes in color and consistency as larvae. In addition, the pupal \\"tongue\\" from the dead remains of the pupa usually sticks to the top wall of the cell. The presence of this pupal tongue is one of the most characteristic symptoms of American foulbrood.")
